Voles are small rodents that are relatives of lemmings and hamsters, but with a stouter body; a longer, hairy tail; a slightly rounder head; smaller eyes and ears; and differently formed molars (high-crowned with angular cusps instead of low-crowned with rounded cusps). (1)
Voles can be found in every state of the mainland U.S. and Canada. There are over 23 species of voles (genus Microtus) in North America. Voles are frequently mistaken for shrews, field mice and deer mice. While similar, distinguishing features include longer, coarser hair, and a larger head size. (2)
The Meadow Vole, a small North American rodent, is known for its adaptability to various environments, including urban landscapes. While these voles primarily inhabit meadows and grassy marshes, they do not shy away from urban settings where they can find ample food and shelter. In residential areas, these voles can become quite the nuisance, causing significant damage to lawns and gardens. Their feeding habits lead to the clipping of grass very close to the roots, creating unsightly runways and patches of dead vegetation.
They also gnaw on the roots and stems of garden plants, which can lead to the death of ornamental plants and vegetables.
During the winter, voles are known to chew on the bark of young trees and shrubs, which can cause girdling and potentially kill the plants.
The rapid reproductive rate of voles means that a small number can quickly become a large infestation, leading to more extensive damage. The use of traps may be necessary to control the population. However, these methods should be used with caution to avoid unintended harm to other wildlife or pets.